Modelo 390: Tax Deadlines in January for Autonomos

January is the busiest month of the tax calendar for autonomos on Mallorca. On top of the Modelo 303 and Modelo 130 for the fourth quarter, the Modelo 390 - the annual IVA summary - is due by 30 January. Anyone who employs staff or withholds tax also files the Modelo 190, and landlords who withhold tax file the Modelo 180. In February, many autonomos still have the Modelo 347 ahead of them. This article sorts the forms by deadline and shows what a late filing ends up costing.

What Is the Modelo 390?

The Modelo 390 is the annual summary of your IVA filings in Spain. It rolls up the four quarterly Modelo 303 returns for a calendar year into a single declaration and serves the Agencia Tributaria as a cross-check, without triggering a payment of its own.

You have already reported the figures to the tax authority during the year; this form simply reconciles them once more at the annual level.

January and February Deadlines at a Glance

Up to five forms can come due in the same period, depending on how you work and whether you have employees or rental income.

The Modelo 303 covers the fourth quarter's IVA, usually at the standard rate of 21 percent. The Modelo 130 is the income tax prepayment, 20 percent of your net profit. If you have staff or issue invoices subject to withholding tax, the Modelo 190 is added; if you rent out business premises, the Modelo 180 as well. Anyone with a single business partner above 3,005.06 euros a year reports that separately on the Modelo 347.

A quick check before the end of January is worth it:

• Check whether you are exempt from the Modelo 390 or need to file it
• Gather the documentation for Modelo 190 and 180 if you have staff or rental income
• Mark the direct debit date for Modelo 303 and 130 on your calendar
• Note any business partner above 3,005.06 euros for the Modelo 347 in February

Who Is Exempt From Filing the Modelo 390?

Not every autonomo has to file the annual summary. Exemptions include self-employed people under the simplified IVA regime (regimen simplificado, including modules), users of the SII system for immediate invoice data reporting, and pure landlords of residential property with no other business activity. The exemption applies automatically based on your chosen tax regime; no separate application is needed. In practice this mostly affects autonomos who already report under simplified modules during the year and whose IVA situation Hacienda already tracks continuously.

If you are unsure whether your activity falls under this exemption, a quick call to your gestoria before the deadline passes is worthwhile. We explain separately what a gestoria actually takes care of.

Modelo 347: The February Deadline for Larger Business Partners

If you did business worth a combined 3,005.06 euros or more with a single client or supplier over the calendar year, you report that on the Modelo 347. The threshold applies cumulatively across all invoices for the year, not per individual invoice. Unlike the January forms, this deadline falls in February - according to the Agencia Tributaria, at any point during the month. If you already declare IVA turnover through the SII system or the Modelo 349 (intra-EU supplies), you are partially exempt from the 347 requirement for that turnover. Your gestoria is best placed to check the exact boundaries against your bookkeeping, especially if you invoice both EU clients abroad and Spanish business clients.

Do I have to file the Modelo 347 even as a small business? Yes, as soon as a single business partner passes 3,005.06 euros in the year, regardless of the size of your business. Below that, the filing for that partner is not required.

What a Late Filing Costs

If you file a return late without a prior request from the Agencia Tributaria, the so-called recargo kicks in. Since the 2021 reform it amounts to 1 percent of the amount owed plus another 1 percent for every full month of delay, up to a maximum of 12 percent after twelve months. During that period neither late-payment interest nor an actual fine applies. If more than twelve months pass, the surcharge rises to a flat 15 percent, and the Agencia Tributaria then also charges late-payment interest from month 13 onward. The exact rules are in the Agencia Tributaria's official FAQ on the reform. So catching the mistake yourself before Hacienda does works out cheaper than having it found in an audit. Details on the Modelo 390 itself are on the official procedure page.

For many autonomos it is worth comparing online gestorias at this point, especially when several forms come due at once and there is little time left for bookkeeping. We explain how the quarterly filings themselves work in the article on Autonomo Taxes in Spain.

Conclusion

For autonomos on Mallorca, January bundles up to five tax forms into one month: Modelo 303 and 130 for the fourth quarter, plus Modelo 390, 190, and 180 depending on your situation. In February, self-employed people with larger business partners still have the Modelo 347 ahead of them. Knowing the deadlines and organizing your paperwork early helps you avoid the 1 percent plus 1 percent per month recargo, and the double work of a correction after the fact.